Sino-Nepal Treaties, 1960

Sino-Nepal Treaties, 1960

JOINT COMMUNIQUE ISSUED AT THE END OF PRIME MINISTER BISHWESHWAR PRASAD KOIRALA'S VISIT TO CHINA

PEKING, MARCH 21, 1960.

AT the invitation of Mr. Chou En-lai, Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, His Excellency Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala, Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Nepal, arrived in the People's Republic of China on March 11, 1960 on a friendly visit. Accompanying Prime Minister Koirala to China were: Ganesh Man Singh, Minister for Works and Communications; Surya Prasad Upadhyaya Minister for Home and Law; Nara Pratap Thapa, Foreign Secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; Biswa Shankar Sukla, Secretary of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry and other officials of His Majesty's Government of Nepal.

During his visit in China Prime Minister Koirala was received by Mao Tse-tung, Chairman of the Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and Liu Shao-chi, Chairman of the People's Republic of China.

Cordial and friendly talks were held between Premier Chou En-lai and Prime Minister Koirala. Taking part also in the talks were, on the Chinese side: Chen Yi, Vice Premier of the State Council and Minister of Foreign Affairs; Lei Jen-min, Acting Minister of Foreign Trade; Chang Han-fu, Vice Minister of Foreign Affairs; Ku Tso-hsin, Vice Chairman of the State Planning Commission; Pan Tzu-li, Ambassador of the People's Republic of China to the Kingdom of Nepal; and Chang Shih-chieh, Deputy Director of the First Asian Department of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; and on the side of Kingdom of Nepal: Ganesh Man Singh, Minister for Works and Communications; Surya Prasad Upadhyaya, Minister for Home and Law; Nara Pratap Thapa, Foreign Secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs; and Biswa Shankar Sukla, Secretary of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry.

During the talks, the two sides held frank and free discussions on matters of common interest, in particular the question of consolidating and further developing friendly relations between China and Nepal.

The two sides pointed out with satisfaction that China and Nepal, in their mutual relations, had consistently and faithfully adhered to the Five Principles of peaceful co-existence. In order to ensure tranquility on the border of the two countries and bring about the formal delimitation of the boundary between China and Nepal as soon as possible, the Governments of the two countries signed the "Agreement Between the Government of the People's Republic of China and His Majesty's Government of Nepal on the Question of the Boundary Between the Two Countries". Under the guidance of the Five Principles, the two sides settled smoothly through friendly consultations this question inherited from history, thus adding a new page to the annals of friendly relations between the two countries.

Out of its profound desire to maintain lasting peace and close friendship between the two countries, the Chinese Government proposed that the two countries conclude a Treaty of Peace and Friendship. Prime Minister Koirala appreciated this proposal of the Chinese Government.

In order to further strengthen the economic co-operation between the two countries so as to promote the prosperity of the two countries and the well-being of their peoples, the Governments of the two countries, in accordance with the principles of non-interference in each other's internal affairs and equality and mutual benefit, signed the "Agreement Between the Government of the People's Republic of China and His Majesty's Government of Nepal on Economic Aid". According to this Agreement the Chinese Government, at the request of His Majesty's Government of Nepal agreed to give the latter, within a period of three years, a free grant of aid of a total value of 100,000,000 (one hundred million) Indian Rupees, without any political conditions attached. This aid does not include the remaining 40,000,000 (forty million) Indian Rupees, provided under the Agreement between China and Nepal on Economic Aid of 1956, which has not yet been used by His Majesty's Government of Nepal.

Prime Minister Koirala brought to the Chinese people the profound friendship of the Nepalese people; at the same time, he also saw during his visit the sincere friendship the Chinese people cherished for the Nepalese people. To further strengthen the ties and co-operation between the two countries, the two Governments agreed to establish embassies mutually in Peking and Kathmandu. The two sides confirmed that the continuous development of friendly co-operation between China and Nepal was not only in the interest of the peoples of the two countries, but also in the interest of the solidarity of Asian countries and world peace.

Prime Minister Koirala invited Premier Chou En-lai to visit Nepal. Premier Chou En-lai accepted the invitation with pleasure. The two sides agreed that they would discuss and sign the Treaty of Peace and Friendship between the two countries during Premier Chou En-lai’s visit in Nepal.

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ADDRESS OF PREMIER CHOU EN-LAI TO THE JOINT SESSION OF THE MAHA SAHHA AND PRATINIDHI SABHA,

KATHINANDN, APRIL 28, 1960.

I FEEL greatly honored and pleased to be able to come again, after a lapse of three years, to our close neighbor, Nepal, for a friendly visit, and to have the opportunity of meeting the respected Members of the parliament at a joint session of the Maha Sabha and Pratinidhi Sabha of Nepal. I heartily thank His Excellency Prime Minister Koirala for his kind invitation and His Majesty's Government of Nepal for its warm hospitality. I heartily thank Messrs Chairman and Speaker of the Parliament for giving me the Opportunity to speak from this lofty rostrum and thank you all for the warm welcome you accorded me and my colleagues. I would like to avail myself of this opportunity to convey to the Nepalese people, on behalf of the Chinese people, our cordial greetings and most friendly wishes.

China and Nepal are two ancient and yet young countries. There exists between our two peoples a profound traditional friendship of long standing. Since the formal establishment of diplomatic relations between our two countries, we have not only restored our once interrupted friendly ties, but, on the basis of the Five Principles of peaceful co-existence, founded new good neighborly relations. During the past several years, our two countries have consistently adhered to the Five Principles of peaceful co-existence and unremittingly upheld our friendship. Recently, as a result of the signing of the Sino-Nepalese agreement on the question of the boundary between the two countries and the Sino-Nepalese agreement on economic aid, our relations of friendly co-operation have entered into a new stage. It is certainly no exaggeration when we say that thanks to the joint efforts of our two governments and peoples, we have in our relations set an example of peaceful co-existence between countries of different social systems.

Both China and Nepal are faced with the arduous task of building up their own countries. We deeply realize that for us Asian and African countries, only when we have become independent economically, can we enrich the content of political independence and provide a complete guarantee for our independence. Up till now, both our countries are still backward economically and lack experience in construction. This objective reality determines that it is necessary for us to help each other and strengthen our co-operation in economic construction. Among the Asian and African countries, the development of national economy by any of them is in itself an encouragement and support to the others. It is in this spirit that the Chinese people have been strengthening economic co-operation with the other Asian and African countries. We sincerely hope that Nepal will rapidly become prosperous and strong. The prosperity and strength of Nepal, like those of other Asian and African countries, are a powerful support for our country, China. Both China and Nepal are peace-loving countries which dearly cherish independence and freedom. In their Constitution, the Chinese people solemnly proclaim in legal terms their desire-that "in international affairs, our firm and unswerving principle is to strive for the lofty aim of world peace and human progress". We note with pleasure that the movements in Asia, Africa and Latin America against imperialism and colonialism and for winning and safeguarding national independence are continuing to rise, and that new states are emerging one after another. As a result of the universal upsurge of the national independence movements and the persistent and untiring efforts of the peace-loving countries and peoples all over the world, a certain degree of relaxation has appeared in the international situation: The forces working for lasting world peace are so strong that even the Western countries, too, have had to put out certain signs of relaxation. It can be said that the prospects for winning world peace have never been as favorable as they are today. For this, the people of our two countries, as well as the other peace-loving people all over the world, feel gratified and encouraged. Nevertheless, we must also be aware that the aggressive imperialist circles, while making avowals for peace, are intensifying armament expansion and war preparations. They continue to organize military alliances, set up military bases and reinforce their military blocs. And they are trying their utmost to prevent agreement between the East and West on major international questions. What calls for particular attention is the fact that, fostered by aggressive imperialist circles, the militarist forces which launched the last World War are reviving and posing fresh threats to peace and security of the world. All this shows that the upholding of world peace is still an arduous task. It is necessary for all the peace-loving countries and people of the world to further strengthen their solidarity and go on making uninterrupted and still greater efforts.

His Majesty's Government of Nepal has repeatedly stated that it is determined to pursue an independent policy of neutrality, not to join any military bloc, and to carry out firmly the Five Principles of peaceful co-existence. The Chinese Government and people warmly welcome and fully support this policy of His Majesty's Government of Nepal. This policy is not only in the interest of Nepal's peaceful development and the smooth implementation of its Five-Year-Plan for economic construction, but also in the interest of the noble cause of preserving the solidarity of Asian countries and consolidating world peace. 'The Chinese Government and people are willing to strengthen further the co-operation with His Majesty's Government of Nepal and the Nepalese people in continuing to make concerted efforts for safeguarding world peace and promoting the solidarity and friendly co-operation among Asian and African countries.

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SINO-NEPALESE TREATY OF PEACE AND FRIENDSHIP,

KATHMANDU, APRIL 2S, 1960.

THE Chairman of the People's Republic of China and His Majesty the King of Nepal, desiring to maintain and further develop peace and friendship between the People's Republic of China and the Kingdom of Nepal.

CONVINCED that the strengthening of good-neighborly relations and friendly co-operation between the People's Republic of China and the Kingdom of Nepal is in accordance with the fundamental interests of the peoples of the two countries and conducive to the consolidation of peace in Asia and the world,

HAVE decided for this purpose to conclude the present Treaty in accordance with the Five Principles of peaceful co-existence jointly affirmed by the two countries, and have appointed as their respective Plenipotentiaries:

The Chairman of the People's Republic of China:

Premier Chou En-lai of the State Council,

His Majesty the King of Nepal:

Prime Minister Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala.

THE above-mentioned Plenipotentiaries,

HAVING examined each other's credentials and found them in good and due form,

HAVE agreed upon the following:

Article I

The Contracting Parties recognize and respect the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of each other.

Article II

The Contracting Parties will maintain and develop peaceful and friendly relations between the People's Republic of China and the Kingdom of Nepal. They undertake to settle all disputes between them by mean of peaceful negotiation.

Article III

The Contracting Parties agree to develop and further strengthen the economic and cultural ties between the two countries in a spirit of friendship and co-operation, in accordance with the principles of equality and mutual benefit and of non-interference in each other's internal affairs.

Article IV

Any difference or dispute arising out of the interpretation or application of the present Treaty shall be settled by negotiation through normal diplomatic channel.

Article V

This present Treaty is subject to ratification and the instruments of ratification will be exchanged in Peking as soon as possible.

The present Treaty will come into force immediately on the exchange of the instruments of ratification1 and will remain in force for a period of ten years.

Unless either of the Contracting Parties gives to the other notice in writing to terminate the Treaty at least one year before the expiration of this period, it will remain in force without any specified time limit, subject to the right of either of the Contracting Parties to terminate it by giving to the other in writing a year's notice of its intention to do so.

DONE in duplicate in Kathmandu on the twenty-eighth day of April 1960, in the Chinese, Nepali and English languages, all texts being equally authentic.

Plenipotentiary of the People's Republic of China
Plenipotentiary of the Kingdom of Nepal

Sd/-
CHOU EN-LAI
Sd/-
B.P.KOIRALA

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JOINT COMMUNIQUE ISSUED AT THE END OF PREMIER CHON EN-LAI'S VISIT TO NEPAL, KATHMANDU,

APRIL 29, 1960.

AT the invitation of Bishweshwar Prasad Koirala, Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Nepal, Chou En-lai, Premier of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, paid a friendly visit to the Kingdom of Nepal from April 26 to 29, 1960. He was accompanied by Marshal Chen Yi, Vice-Premier and Minister of Foreign Affairs: Chang Han-fu, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs and other high-ranking officials.

During his visit, Premier Chou En-lai called on His Royal Highness Prince Himalaya Bir Bikram Shah Deva and His Excellency B. P. Koirala, Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Nepal.

Cordial and sincere talks were held between Premier Chou En-lai and Prime Minister B. P. Koirala.

Taking part also in the talks were, on the Chinese side: Marshal Chen Yi, Vice-Premier and Minister of Foreign Affairs: and Chang Han-fu, Vice-Minister of Foreign Affairs: on the Nepalese side: Ganesh Man Singh, Minister of Works and Communication: Surya Prasad Upadhyaya, Minister of Home and Law; and Nara Pratap Thapa, Foreign Secretary of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.

Through friendly consultations, the two parties obtained further results in developing friendly relations between the two countries : they signed the "Treaty of Peace and Friendship between the People's Republic of China and the Kingdom of Nepal" and exchanged instruments of ratification of the "Agreement Between the Government of the People's Republic of China and His Majesty's Government of Nepal on the Question of the Boundary between the two Countries."

The Chinese Premier and the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Nepal pointed out with satisfaction that the visit not long ago by His Excellency Prime Minister B. P. Koirala to China and the present visit by Premier Chou En-lai to the Kingdom of Nepal served to further enhance the mutual understanding and friendship between the Chinese and Nepalese peoples. The Treaty and Agreements signed between the two sides during their mutual visits marked the entrance of Sino-Nepalese friendly relations into a new phase.

On the occasion of the fifth anniversary of the Asian-African Conference, Chinese Premier and the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Nepal noted with pleasure that the Five Principles of Peaceful co-existence and the Bandung spirit were playing a more and more important role in guiding the relations among nations. The two parties agreed that continued development of these principles and spirit would have important bearing on the promotion of solidarity of Asian and African countries and the defense of peace in Asia and the world. The two parties also availed of this happy occasion to further express their conviction that in order to build up a better atmosphere for mutual co-operation in the world, all outstanding issues between nations should be settled through peaceful negotiations and all nations must refrain from such acts or threats of aggression or the use of force against territorial integrity or political independence of each other's country.

The Chinese Premier and the Prime Minister of the Kingdom of Nepal expressed deep sympathy for the struggles of the Asian, African and other peoples against - colonialism and for winning and safeguarding national independence, and pledged firm support to the South African people in their just struggle against racial discrimination. The two parties welcomed the forthcoming conference of Government Heads of the big powers and expressed the hope that agreement will be reached speedily by countries concerned on general disarmament and prohibition of nuclear weapons, so as to promote a further relaxation of the international situation.